Hybrid Energy System Design Combining Solar Energy with Lignite Coal and Forest Residue

Abstract

In this chapter, hybrid energy systems (HES) configuration consisting of photovoltaic (PV) and biogas generator supported by natural gas (NG) is proposed for a hazelnut processing plant (HPP) in Ordu province of Turkey. Four different scenarios namely Scenario A, B, C and D are selected in order to conduct technical and economic analysis considering change in government incentives before and after 2021. Net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) is selected as main economic metrics to estimate optimum HES design. Scenario D has the lowest NPC and COE values, which is $1.46 million (M) and $0.017/kWh, respectively. Scenario D has also the lowest carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) emission, which is estimated, as 384,000 kg/year. Renewable fraction (RF) in Scenario B is 81.6% because electricity generation is only supplied from PV panel. The second highest RF, which is 72.1%, is found in Scenario D. In Scenario A, the price of lignite coal (LC) leads to the highest NPC and COE, and CO<inf>2</inf> and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in this scenario is higher than that of scenarios B and C. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.