A Statistical Comparison Study of a Real-Life Survey Data on Procedural Justice via Neutrosophic Likert Scale with Score Function and Classical Likert Scale

Abstract

The present study aims to examine the distinctions between Likert and Neutrosophic scales in their ability to measure organizational behaviors and the many dimensions of organizational justice. To evaluate procedural justice, 6 questions measuring procedural justice from the Learning Environment Questionnaire were used. Compared to the Likert scale, the Neutrosophic scale exhibited greater decision weights and a more distinct expression of participants' ideas due to its ability to capture more complex replies. The reliability of both scales was found to be high, as indicated by satisfactory Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that both scales consisted of two sub-dimensions. However, it was observed that the Neutrosophic scale did not necessitate reverse coding for specific items, unlike the Likert scale.This suggests a potential advantage in terms of clarity and interpretability. Furthermore, the study revealed that age and faculty type exerted a substantial impact on participants' replies. Notably, there were considerable variations seen among different age groups on the Likert scale, as well as across different faculty types on the Neutrosophic scale. The results indicate that the Neutrosophic scale may yield more consistent and dependable data, particularly in varied demographic settings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.