Comparison of 1D and 3D Electrochemical-Thermal Model of Lithium-Ion Battery

Abstract

Due to the increase in its application areas, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and their thermal behavior are considered in this study. The comparisons of the 1D/3D electrochemical (EC) modeling and 1D/3D thermal analysis are the aim of this study. In order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the 1D and 3D electrochemical and thermal models, and their effect on heat generation on battery, firstly, 1D and 3D electrochemical analyses of lithium-ion cells are performed separately at 1C rate for 1 layered cell. By examining the electrochemical behavior of the 1 layered cell both in 1D and 3D, the heat generation is calculated, and secondly, by creating a thermal model, the heat generation is obtained from the electrochemical analysis that provides input as a heat source for the thermal model. Thirdly, 1D and 3D thermal models of 1 and 20 layered cells are generated. Finally, the thermal behavior and temperature distribution of both cell designs are examined. The comparisons of models include the computational time, thermal distribution of both 1 and 20-layered cells. The results showed that the computational time in 3D model is longer than 1D model. Besides the temperature distribution difference both 1D and 3D model was found to be almost the same. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.