Biomass waste and bioenergy production: Challenges and alternatives

Abstract

Biomass waste utilization for bioenergy production has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources. Biomass wastes, including agricultural residues, forest residues, food waste, and municipal solid waste, are considered a promising feedstock for bioenergy production due to their abundance and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are various challenges and alternatives associated with biomass waste use for bioenergy production that need to be addressed to ensure its efficient and sustainable utilization. This chapter provides an overview of the challenges and alternatives related to biomass waste and bioenergy production. The challenges include the availability and accessibility of biomass waste, its variability in composition and quality, logistical issues, and technological limitations in conversion processes. Additionally, environmental and social concerns, such as land use, water use, and socioeconomic impacts, need to be considered in biomass waste utilization for bioenergy production. The economic viability and policy frameworks associated with biomass waste utilization are also discussed as significant challenges. Considering these challenges, several alternatives for biomass waste use for bioenergy production are proposed. These alternatives include advanced conversion technologies, such as thermochemical and biochemical processes, which can overcome the limitations of traditional conversion methods. Furthermore, using mixed feedstocks and co-processing biomass waste with other waste streams can enhance the feasibility of bioenergy production. Integrated approaches, such as biorefineries and circular economy concepts, are also discussed as potential alternatives for biomass waste use. This chapter highlights the importance of addressing the challenges and exploring alternatives to ensure the sustainable utilization of biomass waste for bioenergy production. Integrated approaches that consider technical, environmental, economic, and social aspects are essential for achieving sustainable bioenergy production from biomass waste. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.