Reductions of topologically massive gravity II. First order realizations of second order Lagrangians

Abstract

Second order degenerate Clement and Sarolu-Tekin Lagrangians are casted into forms of various first order Lagrangians. The structures of the iterated tangent bundle and acceleration bundle are presented as a suitable geometric framework. Hamiltonian analyses of these equivalent formalisms are performed by means of the Dirac-Bergmann constraint algorithm. All formulations are shown to possess only second class constraints.