Application of Phycoremediation in Lakes and Reservoirs

Abstract

This study focuses on the utilization of micro and macroalgae for the remediation of freshwater ecosystem pollution. This approach, known as phycoremediation, involves the use of algae to remove both organic and inorganic pollutants. The use of algae as an effective bioremediation tool in wastewater treatment dates back to the 1950s. The capacity of algae to improve water quality has been demonstrated through laboratory and field studies in both controlled and natural aquatic environments. Additionally, the potential of algae for the removal and biodegradation of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems is addressed. Among the various phycoremediation methods, heavy metal removal, organic pollutant degradation, and microplastic biodegradation are highlighted. Particularly, successful results have been achieved in heavy metal removal using different algal species under laboratory conditions. However, the number of in situ phycoremediation studies is limited, calling for further research in this area. The factor of climate change also presents an important context for examining the impacts of bioremediation processes on lake ecosystems. In conclusion, the utilization of micro and macroalgae holds promising potential for mitigating freshwater ecosystem pollution. Nevertheless, due to the unique characteristics of each lake or reservoir, the effectiveness of these methods may vary. Therefore, more research and diversity in lake samples are crucial to formulate the general principles of phycoremediation applications. Supported by both laboratory and field studies, this approach could play a significant role in the conservation and restoration of sustainable water resources. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.