Synthetic approaches to asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues

Abstract

This review summarizes synthetic strategies for the preparation of asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues. Cross-condensation between two phthalonitrile components, cross-condensation between one phthalonitrile and one non-nitrile component, targeted synthesis of AABB-type compounds, the subphthalocyanine ring-expansion method, as well as post-modification approaches on pre-formed symmetric and asymmetric systems, are discussed. Methodologies for targeted preparation of specific types of asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues are also briefly overviewed.