The seismic resilience of the Kocaeli metropolitan water system

Abstract

The seismic resilience of the water transmission and distribution system of the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality (ISU) in Turkey was studied under both transient and permanent ground motions. In the first part of the study, the seismic response of the water distribution network to the transient ground motions was considered. A geographical information system (GIS) was developed to determine the pipe damage in the distribution network due to a scenario earthquake. The peak ground velocity (PGV) was assumed as the seismic intensity measure for pipe damage. The pipeline inventory was overlaid on the hazard maps and empirical pipe damage fragility relations are used to calculate the total number of leaks at each unit area (cell). In the second part of the study, engineering aspect of the disaster risk mitigation studies was considered. The seismic performance of a large diameter water transmission line at fault crossings was investigated. The critical locations of fault crossings were identified and three dimensional (3D) nonlinear numerical analyses were performed to calculate the allowable fault displacement at each critical point. The results were compared to the average fault displacement hazard for 475 years in the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) zone. © 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.