Biomolecular interactions and surface chemistry for biosensors

Abstract

Biosensors gain more importance after covid-19 pandemic thanks to their highly selective and sensitive measurements against for the designed molecule with quite short response times comparing to modern molecular biological techniques that are used for diagnosis. Moreover, a well-designed biosensor can perform measurements that can distinguish the concentrations of the detected target molecules. Here, the importance of well-modified surface of a sensor comes to play. To be able to modify a sensor's electrode surface it is important to know the aspects of the surface material and its probable interactions. In this chapter, strategies for immobilizing the biorecognition molecules, and minimizing the non-specific interactions to enhance the signal transduction will be mentioned. To improve the stability and the reusability of the sensors there are various modification techniques that can be per- fomed; however, self-assembled monolayers, also known as SAMs, take the functionality of the biosensors next level by offering controlable compositions and customizable surfaces at molecular level. Thic chapter also examines the principles from SAM formation on sensor surface to SAM modifications for biorecognition element immobilizations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.